Tag: pecl

Creating Flash Sites With Ming

You probably know the SWF file format. This is not just a movie, but also can be an interactive application. SWF files can be created with the Ming PHP extension. You can get information on how to install and use the extension here. The movie format can be extended with a special scripting language, named ActionScript. Ming is not well-documented, so you can download a little API here, and maybe it will help you. There are also class for creating GUI objects, such as buttons, text fields, etc.

Let’s Discuss Some Classes

SWFMovie -The main class for movies, used for creating movies, and writing them to output streams.

Useful functions:

  • The constructor of course.
  • add – to add various objects, such as SWFAction scripts, sprites, shapes, buttons, text, etc.
  • save – to save your work to a file.
  • output – to send the output to the browser. before you send it, define the MIME type using
    header(‘Content-type: application/x-shockwave-flash’);

Notes:

  • Define the SWF version before you play it, or you will not be able to view the clip. Here‘s an user-contributed example of a way to determine the version and find more useful details. Set the version with ‘ming_useswfversion’.
  • Use scaling to avoid movies in strange sites at strange screen locations. We’ll discuss it later.
  • If you have created a movies from another movie, you must have access to the original movie from the new movie.

SWFAction – a class used for creating scripts. The scripts ca add functionality to the movie and make it interactive. It’s only function is the constructor, that takes scripts as its argument. You can use it for adding text fields – including input text fields -, communicate with other sites (using the LoadVars class for example), jumping to other frames, defining events, etc. Add it to your movie clips with the function ‘add’. Read more here.

an example of scaling with this class is:

  Stage.scaleMode='noScale';

Note: Error messages are not sent to the log, if they are not syntax errors.

SWFShape – used for creating shapes. This can be used for defining the shape of buttons (need not be rectangular). It can also be added to movie clips. With this class you can draw lines, arcs, and quadratic and cubic Bezzier curves.  You can fill your shape with colors, gradients or bitmaps. If your fill is an image, you can create an object of class SWFFill using “addFill ( SWFBitmap $bitmap [, int $flags ] ).”.  Then you can fill your shape using ‘setRightFill’ or ‘setLeftFill passing your fill as the argument.

SWFFill – This class does not have a constructor. An instance of this class is created by the function addFill of class  SWFShape . It is important to move the fill to the exact location using the function ‘moveTo’ and to scale it using ‘scaleTo”. If you want to use an image at its original dimension, you will probably have to scale it to (20,20) $fill->scaleTo(20,20) because the number of horizontal and vertical twips in a pixel is 20. In addition the fill can be rotated and/or skewed.

SWFButton – A button is a GUI element that triggers an action when clicked. You can add actions, sounds and shapes using the function addAction/setAction, addSound and addShape respectively. You better add a shape, to define the shape and location of the button. The prototype of addShape is ‘void addShape ( SWFShape $shape , int $flags )’. The flags are a combination (using bitwise or) of SWFBUTTON_UP, SWFBUTTON_OVER, SWFBUTTON_DOWN and SWFBUTTON_HIT. These flags define when the button is displayed.

An Example

This is an example of a script that plays a movie backwards:

$x = new SWFMovie();
.
.
.

$actionText = <<<'EOT'

this.createEmptyMovieClip("mc",2);

mc.loadMovie("selfie.swf", "GET");
this.gotoAndStop(mc._totalframes - 1);
this.createTextField("myText", this.getNextHighestDepth(), 0, 0, 200,220);
var tf:TextFormat = new TextFormat();
tf.color = 0x0;
tf.size = 30;
tf.font = "Arial";
myText.setTextFormat(tf);
this.addChild(myText);

this.onEnterFrame=function(){
  if (mc._currentFrame <= 1){
    mc.gotoAndPlay(mc._totalframes - 1);
  }
  mc.prevFrame();
}; 

EOT;
$act=new SWFAction($actionText);
//$x->add($text);
$x->add($act);
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Extending PHP

Extending PHP does not mean just adding classes and functions. It also means adding functionality not previously supported by PHP. This can be done by writing functions in C that can be called from PHP. These functions should be able to receive parameters passed from PHP. The difference between a variable in a C source and a variable in PHP is that in PHP the variable in PHP is loosely typed. That is, in PHP a variable can be used as an integer, but later as a string or a floating point number, so its equivalent in C is zVal. “zval” is a structure containing the variable’s type and a union made up of members of different types sharing the same memory address.

The PHP extension is a dynamically linked library (‘dll’ in Windows, ‘so’ in Linux) containing functions that can be called from PHP.

The process of creating an extension is described in the chapter “PHP at the Core: A Hacker’s Guide to the Zend Engine” in the famous PHP manual.

Building the extension starts with tunning the ‘ext_skel’ script, which creates a directory for your extension including a skeleton of the extension’s C code and a header file.

The next step is to add functions and global variables using macros.

The macro used for defining a  function is PHP_FUNCTION(function_name). Returning a value is done using the macros RETURN_TRUE, RETURN_FALSE, RETVAL_* . These macros are in /path/to/php_include_dir/Zend/zend_API.h

Arguments are passed to local C variables using the function ‘zend_parse_parameters’.

The next step is to edit config.w4(Linux) or config.w32(windows), then run ‘phpize’ and ‘configure’ to create a Makefile.

Finally, run make.

The dynamically loaded library will be created in the ‘modules’ directory. Use ‘make install’ with root permissions to copy your extension to the PHP extension directory.

Unfortunately, the guide is far from being complete, so to look for examples, browse ‘pecl.php.net‘ for source codes.